How common is Altitude Sickness in Everest Base Camp Trek?
Due to the high altitude and low air pressure during the EBC trek, there is a risk of Altitude sickness, among other illnesses. However, it depends on the trekkers, as each individual reacts differently to varying altitudes. Most trekkers comfortably climb up to an altitude of 2400 meters without discomfort or altitude sickness symptoms. However, others might have different reactions. Moreover, you may experience some uneasiness and minor symptoms apart from the altitude due to decreasing oxygen levels. That's where acclimatization plays an essential role in letting your body adapt to the high altitude and low oxygen levels.
Does Altitude Sickness Affect Everyone?
Yes, anyone can experience some degree of altitude sickness during the Everest Base Camp. Trekkers with prior experience in such an altitude might adapt quickly. On the other hand, it might be challenging for beginners who have no prior trek experience. However, you must also remember that altitude sickness might affect everyone, regardless of age, sex, or fitness level. There is no particular way to predict who will be affected by altitude sickness. Therefore, it is crucial to abide by all the precautions and guidelines regarding keeping the illness at bay.
What is Altitude Sickness?
Altitude sickness is a medical condition that happens when the body doesn't have enough time to adapt to the low oxygen level at a higher altitude. It generally occurs when you ascend rapidly, gaining significant elevation during your trek. As you move higher up, the air pressure decreases, so your body will get less oxygen than at lower altitudes. This difference in oxygen level leads your body to altitude sickness.
Altitude Sickness Symptoms
Every trekker should prepare themselves to experience some mild symptoms of altitude sickness, which is entirely normal during the Everest base Camp Trek. On the trek to Namche Bazaar, 75% of the trekkers will experience mild symptoms of altitude sickness. One of the primary reasons trekkers experience altitude sickness is rapid ascent in high-altitude regions. Trekkers generally experience altitude sickness symptoms at around 3000 meters, whereas some individuals can feel it from as low as 2400 meters when they ascend more than 500 meters in a single day. In addition, dehydration and overexertion are essential in causing altitude sickness. The symptoms of altitude sickness vary depending on its severity. It has generally been categorized into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Some of the common symptoms you might encounter in the trek are as follows:
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Headaches
- Loss of appetite
- Lack of sleep
- Types of Altitude Sickness
- In general, Altitude sickness has the following three variants:
- Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
- AMS is the most common form of altitude sickness, with mild symptoms.
- High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
- HAPE affects your lungs and fills them with fluid. It's a medical emergency that needs immediate medical attention to prevent any further damage to your lungs.
- High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
- HACE is the most severe form of altitude sickness. It causes the brain to swell, and medical care is required as soon as possible after the symptoms develop.
Preventive Measures for Altitude Sickness
The most important thing to do during the Everest Base Camp Trek is to be aware of the symptoms of altitude sickness. You can also take several other precautions to prevent altitude sickness. Based on our experience, here are the best tips to avoid altitude sickness in Nepal's high-altitude areas of the Everest/Khumbu region.
Ascend slowly
Rapid ascent is the primary cause of altitude sickness. The human body requires adequate rest to adjust to the sudden change in elevation and low oxygen level. Making slow ascent during the trek allows trekkers to adapt to atmospheric changes and elevation gain. So, do not rush, as it leads to fatigue, which can cause your body to burn out quickly, making it prone to altitude sickness.
Follow acclimatization strategy
Acclimatization is adapting your body to lower oxygen levels and atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes regions. The process includes making a slow ascent with proper rest. During the EBC trek, you must have 2 to 3 days separated for acclimatization. You can spend the rest days relaxing at your teahouse, hiking at least 500 meters, and returning to a lower altitude for proper overnight sleep. During the EBC trek, your first acclimatization point is Namche Bazaar (3400 meters). From here, you will hike up to Everest View Hotel (3880 meters) and return to Namche for sleep. The main aim of acclimatization is to make your body adapt to the elevation gain during the hike. The next acclimatization point is Dingboche (4400 meters). On this second acclimatization day, you will hike to Nagarjun Hill (5100 meters) and then return to Dingboche for rest. Proper acclimatization helps you recover from tiredness and adapt to the low oxygen levels and atmospheric pressure, preventing altitude sickness.
Eat a balanced diet and stay hydrated.
Healthy food and proper hydration are essential for keeping your body energized and active during the trek. Drink at least 3 to 4 liters daily and carry water purification tablets. We recommend you drink ginger, lemon, and vegetable soups during the trek, as they are natural remedies for altitude sickness. On the other hand, Consuming carbohydrates and protein-rich foods, such as rice, lentils, nuts, dried fruits, and meat, will help with muscle recovery. Include fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet for essential vitamins and minerals. In addition, snacks and energy bars are beneficial for gaining instant energy along the trail. Eat a heavy breakfast before starting the trek, and have a nutritional dinner at night to maintain proper digestion.
Prepare physically and mentally.
Physical and Mental preparation are crucial for a successful trek. A fit body is less prone to altitude sickness and helps to complete the trek efficiently. Indulge in a proper training plan, including cardio exercise and weight training. Running, swimming, squats, and lunges are beneficial for achieving a good fitness level. Mental strength and physical fitness are also essential for the trek. You must develop a positive mindset and visualize yourself completing the trek, which will boost your self-confidence. The best way to prepare for the EBC trek is by going on practice hikes, which allows you to adapt to the situations you will face on the actual trek. Prior Trekking experience is a plus point as it will enable your body to adjust to high altitudes and low oxygen levels more comfortably, preventing altitude sickness.
Take appropriate medications
One of the most effective medications to prevent the symptoms of altitude sickness is Diamox. However, remember that Diamox doesn't cure altitude sickness but helps you acclimate quickly to the elevation gain. Besides, trekkers with any medical conditions and pregnancy should avoid consuming Diamox as it might induce side effects. On the other hand, we recommend you try a small dose before the trek and see how your body reacts to it. Trekkers who don't experience any side effects can use it as a preventive measure for altitude sickness. On the other hand, if you experience mild side effects, you must take the medication in moderation. Also, we still suggest you consult your doctor before taking any medication during the trek.
Follow the guide
The Nepal government has made it compulsory to hire a licensed guide for high-altitude treks to ensure the trekker's safety. Guides are trained to handle a wide range of emergencies in the remote regions of Nepal. Hiring a guide will also enable you to navigate the challenging terrains and interact with the locals during the trek, making it more accessible and enjoyable. Moreover, they will help you plan customized itineraries according to your needs and preferences, ensuring adequate rest, and ultimately aiding in avoiding altitude sickness.
Choose a proper insurance policy.
Choosing a proper insurance policy is essential to enjoying the remarkable EBC trek expedition. Your insurance must cover emergencies, including helicopter evacuation, accidents, injuries, illnesses, and flight cancellations. Ensure that your insurance covers helicopter evacuation up to 6,000m and all medical costs if you encounter severe altitude sickness.
Additional Tips
- Ensure your trek has adequate acclimatization days.
- Drinking a lot of water and fluids, as well as dehydration, is a leading factor in altitude sickness.
- Do not stress out and pressurize yourself. If you can't keep up with the rest of the group, hike at a slow and gradual pace.
- Avoid alcohol and smoking, as they can weaken your stamina.
- If you experience symptoms of altitude sickness, do not ignore them; inform your trek guide or leader immediately.
- If you experience breathing problems, use portable oxygen cylinders and rest at the teahouse if necessary.
- Practice deep breathing techniques, as they can help increase your oxygen intake.
- Rest is crucial for recovery and acclimatization, so get 8 hours of sleep daily.
- Dress in layers to adapt to cold temperatures and maintain overall health and energy levels.
- Some local remedies, like chewing raw garlic and ginger, are believed to improve circulation and help prevent altitude sickness.
- Pulse oximeters can help measure blood oxygen saturation and overall health status.
- Trek in groups, as you can support each other and help if anyone experiences symptoms of altitude sickness.
Why Travel with Outfitter Nepal?
Outfitter Nepal is a government-licensed tour operator with over 15 years of experience in Nepal. Our experienced team of guides and staff ensures your safety and comfort. We will handle all logistics, from airport pickups to trekking permits. We offer customizable itineraries to suit your needs and guarantee extra acclimatization days to help you adjust to the altitude, preventing altitude sickness. Our focus on high-quality equipment, well-maintained accommodations, and nutritious meals makes your trek comfortable. We practice eco-friendly tourism and have a strong track record of satisfied clients. Choose us for a safe and unforgettable trekking adventure to Everest Base Camp.
